When was grapefruit discovered

The pink grapefruit and other varieties were developed, and in a Texas citrus grower discovered a mutated red grapefruit randomly growing on a pink grapefruit tree, which became the popular Ruby Red Grapefruit. The original grapefruit was about the size of an orange, seedy and very bitter. Today, commercial growers focus on developing fruits that are larger, more uniform in size, more attractive in color, and with fewer seeds.

Some grapefruit varieties are sweeter, too such as pink grapefruits, which contain lycopene. In the U. Florida and Texas groves bear fruit beginning in October, with Arizona and California crops coming to fruition in January to June.

Because grapefruits are so popular, they are imported in the off-season, but the best grapefruit consists of fresh, in-season varieties. This helps distinguish it from its much sweeter, more popular relative—the orange.

It is also important to note that because it contains less sugar, white grapefruit also has fewer calories than pink or red varieties. It really does depend why you're eating it. As a diet food, it seems fairly obvious that white is better than pink or red because it can help you cut more calories. White grapefruit is also just as juicy and as filling as the other varieties, which makes it the better choice for dieters. With that said, only pink and red grapefruit contains lycopene, an antioxidant that may have anti-tumor properties.

Shop PittmanDavis. What happened? Where are we now? Currently, genetic variants generated by CRISPR technology are not considered as genetically modified organisms and hence not regulated as such. This scenario opens novel opportunities for generating superior cultivars using new technologies.

Interaction of the furanocoumarins present in grapefruit with the metabolism of several prescription drugs in the human system is of concern. It is possible to alleviate some problems with improved juice-processing techniques and development of cultivars with lower concentrations of interfering compounds.

Considering the health benefits associated with grapefruit consumption, such studies will prove valuable. From a commercial perspective, the future appears promising as novel opportunities arise when grapefruit cultivation becomes feasible in new production areas.

Agca, C. Agosti, S. Ardawi, M. Bailey, D. Drugs 4 Benavente-Garcia, O. Food Chem. Bharadwaj, M. Bowman, K. Bressier, R. Browne, P. Browne, London, UK.

Burton-Freeman, B. Calvo, N. Thesis, Polytechnic Univ. Valencia, Valencian Inst. Cameron, J. Cancalon, P. Food Sci. Caseiro, M. Chen, W. Chien, P. Food Drug Anal. Chudnovskiy, R. Civerolo, E. Citrograph Mag. Nutraceutical Res. Corazza-Nunes, M. Curl, A. Da Silva, R. DePass, J. College Exp. Florida Bull. Dreier, J. Dresser, G. Ducharme, M. Febres, V. Fidel, L. Frank, M. Freie, R. Garg, S. Giovannucci, E. Girennavar, B.

Gmitter, F. Patent , filed 14 Mar. Goenig, N. Grabowsky, J. Graham, J. Plant Pathol. Grosser, J. Scion improvement HortScience 33 Gunasekera, R. Cancer 58 Guo, W. Gupta, S. Halbert, S.

II Intl. Citrus Canker Huanglongbing Res. Hanley, M. Drug Metab. Heid, J. Hensz, R. Rio Grande Valley Hort. Rio Grande Valley Hortic. Hermans, K. Hodgson, R. In: W. Reuther, H. Webber, and L. Batchelor eds. The citrus industry. California Press, Berkeley, CA. Hughes, G. Book V. Printed for the author, London, UK. Humes, H. Hung, W. Indexbox Marketing Association World: Grapefruit inc. Analysis and forecast to Jung, U.

Cell Biol. Kiani, J. Ko, J. Kohlmeier, L. Kotlunow, A. Kucuk, O. Kumamoto, J. Kunta, M. Kunitake, H. Lado, J. Lee, J. Li, H. Libersa, C. Lilja, J. Liu, R. Louzada, E. Plant Patent. Luth, D. Macfadyen, J. Madrigal-Bujaidar, E. Cancer Prev. Mahgoub, A. McCollum, G. McLeaish, R.

Merrill, E. Mertens-Talcott, S. Mink, P. Monroe, K. Cancer 65 Moore, G. Moreira-Dias, J. Mozos, I. Nature Biotechnology Drug-proof grapefruit Nature Biotechnol. Nicolosi, E. Niedz, R. Nutrition Data Grapefruit, raw, pink and red, all areas. Obenland, D. Ohgawara, T. Omar, A. Oueslati, A.

Owira, P. Metabolic and cardiovascular perspectives Cardiovasc. Paine, M. Pan, M. Pasquali, G. Patil, B. Peynaud, D. Powell, C. Rampersaud, G. Raveh, E. In: A. Gentile, S. La Malfa, and Z. Deng eds. The citrus genome. Springer, Cham, Switzerland. Robinson, T. Rothenstein, J. Rouseff, R.

Sato, R. Biomarkers Prev. Satpute, A. Saunt, J. Sinclair Intl. Scora, R. Torrey Bot. Club Shamel, A. Sharma, N. Crop Sci. Shaw, P. Shu, Q. Shuler, P. Soares, N. Soost, R. Toolapong, P. Tundis, R. Tutt, E. Uesawa, Y. University of Michigan Potassium content in foods. Department of Agriculture Citrus fruit: Production, farm disposition, value and utilization of sales. Department of Agriculture Citrus summary. Grapefruit: Acreage and production. Grapefruit: Bearing acreage and production by states.

Department of Agriculture a Citrus fruits, summary. Department of Agriculture b Grapefruit: Bearing acreage and production by states. Department of Agriculture Florida citrus statistics — Department of Agriculture a Citrus fruits, Summary. Department of Agriculture b Citrus: World market and trade. Department of Agriculture c Grapefruit: Bearing acreage and production by states. Vaile, R.

In: State Commission of Horticulture, The month bul. Wang, Y. Florida Inst. Food Agr. Watson, E. Webber, H. Wu, H. Plant Cell Rep. Wu, G. Xu, C. Yang, Z. Yee, G. Yin, O. Yu, J. Zansler, M. Zhang, J. Florida State Hortic. Zhang, F. Zoller, H. Zou, Z. We thank Melanie Schori of the U. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, for help with the recent taxonomic names of citrus cultivars. E-mail: Eliezer. User Account Login to save searches and organize your favorite content.

Not registered? Recently viewed 0 Save Search. Advanced Search Help. Authors: Eliezer S. Louzada 1 and Chandrika Ramadugu 2. Open access. Get Citation Alerts Get Permissions. Download PDF. Keywords: biotechnology ; drug interaction ; mutation breeding ; natural mutation ; protoplast ; somatic hybrids. Commercial importance and market history The United States leads the grapefruit market Grapefruit was confined to the Caribbean islands for several hundred years. Table 1. Effect of major freezes on grapefruit acreage in the United States.

Grapefruit market in other countries While the grapefruit industry was booming in the United States, it was developing slowly in other citrus-growing regions of the world. General benefits and nutritional value of grapefruit Citrus fruit is nutrient-dense with vitamins, folate, phytochemicals like flavonoids, carotenoids, coumarins, terpenes, and limonoids Rampersaud, ; Zhang, Table 2.

Furanocoumarins Furanocoumarins are secondary metabolites that defend plants against insects and pathogens. Drug interactions Grapefruit juice is known to interact with several commonly administered prescription medications. Specific interactions Several types of drugs are affected by the furanocoumarin-induced process in the intestines.

Table 3. Medications known to interact with furanocoumarins in grapefruit products. Alleviating the problem of drug interaction associated with grapefruit consumption A better understanding of the interactions between grapefruit furanocoumarins and oral drugs in the human alimentary canal is needed. Improving commercial acceptability of grapefruit In addition to reducing the negative interactions of grapefruit with certain prescription drugs, reducing bitterness would enhance consumer approval of grapefruit.

Grapefruit breeding Grapefruit cultivars have a narrow genetic base; hybridization to increase genetic diversity is desirable. Limitations to sexual breeding Like most citrus, grapefruit has a high degree of sporophytic apomixis leading to polyembryony; multiple genetically identical embryos develop from a single fertilized egg cell by natural embryogenesis of cells from the walls of the embryo sac Kotlunow et al.

Sexual breeding Tangelos [ C. Mutation breeding Mutation has been a significant source of genetic variation in all citrus species. Induced mutations The first documented induced mutation in plants was reported in Sectored grapefruit chimera A chimera is composed of cells from more than one genetically distinct organism.

A grapefruit sectored chimera found in Texas showing changes in rind and flesh coloration. Role of biotechnology Somatic hybridization and cybridization Biotechnology has been instrumental in developing novel cultivars of crop plants. Genetic engineering Success in plant genetic engineering depends on a successful Agrobacterium tumefaciens infection for genetic transformation, and the ability to efficiently regenerate plants through tissue culture.

Germplasm biodiversity and molecular markers For over two centuries, grapefruit was presumed to be an interspecific hybrid between a pummelo and a sweet orange; recent genome sequence analyses have confirmed this assumption Wu et al.

Grapefruit cultivar TR-1, a natural mutant of Rio Red, showing external and internal coloration. Conclusions and prospects Grapefruit is the youngest member of the citrus species; it has an intriguing, almost romantic history, its unique origin shrouded in mystery. Tuzcu, M. Gencoglu, H. Akdemir, F. Ali, S. Sahin, K. Casalino, L. Bertero, G. Barsotti, A. Brunelli, C. Morelloni, S. Badawoud, M.

Hassan, S. Rouzi, A. Ardawi, J. AlNosani, N. Qari, M. Mousa, S. Drugs 4 Bailey, D. Drugs 4 false. Spence, J. Edgar, B. Bailiff, C. Arnold, J. Castillo, J. Marin, F. Ortuno, A. Del Rio, J. Kumar, A. Bahl, J. Sesso, H. Olson, E. Barros, S. Haun, C. Widmer, W. Ascenso, A. Costa, A. Creagh-Flynn, J.

Johnson, M. Lee, R. Niblett, C. Mao, L. Xing, H. Xu, L.